Synthesis of composite latex particles filled with silica

Encapsulation of silica nanoparticles was performed by dispersion polymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate in aqueous alcoholic media. Following previous works^1‐3), the silica beads were first modified by reacting on their surface the 3‐trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate coupling agent (MPS). In every case, the silica beads are all surrounded by polymer giving composite latex particles filled with silica. Each composite particle contains from one to a great number of silica beads. Changing the size or the concentration of the silica beads, and the experimental conditions for the synthesis of the polymer particles enables to control this number. One can take benefit of this to synthesize model composite particles with controlled compositions.     

[Hg8(μ‐n‐C3H7Te)12(μ‐Br)Br3] — Synthesis and Structure

The novel mercury‐tellurium cluster [Hg₈(μ‐n‐C₃H₇Te)₁₂(μ₂‐Br)Br₃] is formed during the reaction of HgBr₂ and (n‐C₃H₇Te)₂Hg in DMSO. Its crystal structure has been elucidated showing [Hg₈(μ‐n‐C₃H₇Te)₁₂(μ₂‐Br)]³⁺ units with a bromine‐centered distorted Hg₈ cube. The mercury atoms are bridged by n‐C₃H₇Te^— ligands and the resulting clusters are linked to a three‐dimensional network by bromine atoms. The close packing of the cluster is mainly determined by the flexible n‐propyl residues of the telluride building blocks.     

2‐Chloro‐3‐(dimethylamino)prop‐2‐enoyl Fluoride,a Stable Acyl Fluoride

The title compound is formed as a side‐product in the reaction of CF₃CCl₃ with Zn/DMF and dimethyl(thexyl)silyl chloride (=dimethyl(1,1,2‐trimethylpropyl)silyl chloride). The structure and the double‐bond configuration are deduced from its ¹³C‐NMR data. Its formation is discussed in terms of a Vilsmeier‐type formylation and a reductive elimination.     

On Preconditioners for the Borsuk Existence Test

Existence or fixed point theorems, combined with interval analytic methods, provide a means to computationally prove the existence of a zero of a nonlinear system in a given interval vector. One such test is based on Borsuk's existence theorem. We discuss preconditioning techniques that are aimed at improving the effectiveness of this test. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

From heterobimetallic transition metal complexes to linear coordination polymers based on cis‐ and trans‐L2Pt(CCPh)2

The reaction of cis‐(2,2′‐bipyridine) Pt(CCPh)₂ cis‐(4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) Pt‐(CCPh)₂ and trans‐(Ph₃P)₂Pt(CCPh)₂ towards different group 11 transition‐metal salts [M′X] (M′ = Cu, Ag; X = inorganic ligand) to give heterobimetallic or linear oligomeric and polymeric transition metal complexes is described. Different coordination modes for M′, PhCC, PPh₃, and X were found in these species. The structural aspects as well as the preference for one coordination mode over another is discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:521–533, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10097     

四磺酸酞菁及其金属配合物的合成、表征及对1,5-萘二酚的光敏催化氧化性能

以4-磺酸钾邻苯二腈为原料合成了水溶性四磺酸酞菁(H₂PcTS)及其金属配合物(ZnPcTS, FePcTS, CoPcTS), 通过透析法提纯得到了纯度较高的产物. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)及循环伏安(CV)等测试手段表征了四磺酸酞菁及其配合物的结构和性质. 结果表明, 磺酸酞菁在水溶液中存在不同程度的聚集现象, 金属离子的配位会对磺酸酞菁的光谱和电化学性质产生影响. 研究了磺酸酞菁作为光敏剂催化氧化1,5-萘二酚的反应, 发现FePcTS/H₂O₂催化体系对1,5-萘二酚具有良好的催化氧化性能, 氧化产物主要为5-羟基-1,4-萘醌. 比较了不同溶液pH值对FePcTS和H₂PcTS催化能力的影响, 初步探讨了该反应的催化机理.     

Nucleotides,Part LXIII,New 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethyl(Npe)- and 2-(4-Nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl(Npeoc)-Protected 2′-Deoxyribonucleosides and Their 3′-Phosphoramidites – Versatile Building Blocks for Oligonucleotide Synthesis

A series of new base-protected and 5′-O-(4-monomethoxytrityl)- or 5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)-substituted 3′-(2-cyanoethyl diisopropylphosphoramidites) and 3′-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl diisopropylphosphoramidites] 52 – 66 and 67 – 82 , respectively, are prepared as potential building blocks for oligonucleotide synthesis (see Scheme). Thus, 3′,5′-di-O-acyl- and N ²,3′-O,5′-O-triacyl-2′-deoxyguanosines can easily be converted into the corresponding O⁶-alkyl derivatives 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , and 16 by a Mitsunobu reaction using the appropriate alcohol. Mild hydrolysis removes the acyl groups from the sugar moiety (→ 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , and 19 (via 18 ), resp.) which can then be tritylated (→ 38 – 42 ) and phosphitylated (→ 57 – 61 ) in the usual manner. N ²-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl]-substituted and N ²-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl]-O⁶-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-substituted 2′-deoxyguanosines 5 and 7 , respectively, are synthesized as new starting materials for tritylation (→ 28 , 35 , and 37 ) and phosphitylation (→ 54 , 56 , 70 , and 78 ). Various O⁴-alkylthymidines (see 20 – 24 ) are also converted to their 5′-O-dimethoxytrityl derivatives (see 43 – 47) and the corresponding phosphoramidites (see 62 – 66 and 79 – 82 ).     

Darstellung und Kristallstrukturen von neutralen und kationischen Kupfer(I)-Gemischtligandkomplexen mit Derivaten des Biimidazols und Triphenylphosphan

Preparation and Crystal Structures of Neutral and Cationic Copper(I) Mixed Ligand Complexes with Triphenylphosphane and Derivatives of Biimidazole Eight triphenylphosphanecopper(I) complexes with bibenzimidazole, tetramethylbiimidazole or tetrahydrobiimidazole were prepared and characterized so far as possible by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR and ³¹P-NMR spectra. The crystal structures of two complexes with bibenzimidazole were determined. [Cu(bbimH₂)(PPh₃)₂]Cl · CH₂Cl₂: Reaction of CuCl with bibenzimidazole in fused triphenylphosphane or [CuCl(PPh₃)₃] with bibenzimidazole in CH₂Cl₂. Space group P 1, Z = 2, 6440 observed independent reflections, R = 0.064 for refletions with I > 2σ(I). Lattice parameters at 203 K: a = 983.6; b = 1348.9; c = 1805.5 pm; α = 77.24; β = 80.90; γ = 85.81°. The crystal structure is built up by monomeric molecules with distorted tetrahedral coordination of the copper atom (CuN₂P₂) and bibenzimidazole as bidentate ligand. The chloride ion is linked by H-bonds with the NH groups of the bibenzimidazole. [{Cu(PPh₃)₂}₂(μ-bbim)] · 2 CH₂Cl₂: Reaction of [CuCl(PPh₃)₃] with the dipotassium salt of bibenzimidazole in CH₃OH/CH₂Cl₂. Space group P 1, Z = 1, 7192 observed independent reflections, R = 0.057 for reflections with I > 2σ(I). Lattice parameters at 203 K: a = 1334.1; b = 1386.8; c = 1443.7 pm; α = 107.51; β = 103.35; γ = 113.74°. The crystal structure is built up by centrosymmetric molecules with distorted tetrahedral coordination of the copper atoms (CuN₂P₂) and bibenzimidazolate(2–) as tetradentate bridging ligand.     

Structures of Iodophenyltellurium(II) and Diiododi-(β-naphtyl)tellurium(IV)

The reactions between diphenyl ditelluride, (PhTe)₂, or di(β-naphtyl)ditelluride, (β-naphtylTe)₂, with equivalent amounts of iodine have been reinvestigated and the crystal and molecular structures of iodophenyltellurium(II), (PhTeI)₄, and diiododi-(β-naphtyl)tellurium(IV), (β-naphtyl)₂TeI₂, have been determined. The structure of iodophenyltellurium(II) (space group Cc, a = 13.850(5) Å, b = 13.852(3) Å, c = 16.494(6) Å and β = 101.69(2)°, Z = 4) is built up by four PhTeI units which are linked by weak Te–Te interactions with Te–Te distances between 3.152(5) Å and 3.182(4) Å. The angles between the tellurium atoms are approximately 90° giving an almost perfect square. Long range secondary bonds (Te–I: about 4.2 Å) link the tetrameric units to give an infinite two-dimensional network. Iodo(β-naphtyl)tellurium(II) is less stable than the phenyl derivative. Solutions of this compound decompose under formation of elemental tellurium and (β-naphtyl)₂TeI₂. (β-Naphtyl)₂TeI₂ crystallises in the monoclinic space group C 2/c (a = 21.198(6) Å, b = 5.8921(8) Å, c = 16.651(5) Å, β = 114.77(2)°). The tellurium atom is situated on a two-fold crystallographic axis and Te–I and Te–C bond lengths of 2.899(1) and 2.108(7) Å have been determined.     

Synthesis and Structure of (NH4)2[(AuI4)(MI4)] (M = Ga,In)

The compounds (NH₄)₂[(AuI₄)(MI₄)] (M = Ga, In) were obtained in sealed glass ampoules by reaction of I₂, NH₄I, Au and Ga or In as air‐sensitive black crystals. Both compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) and are isotypic: (NH₄)₂[(AuI₄)(GaI₄)], a = 12.619(2), b = 20.625(5) and c = 7.693(2) Å; (NH₄)₂[(AuI₄)(InI₄)], a = 12.587(2), b = 20.606(5) and c = 7.696(2) Å. The structures can be described as constituted of NH₄⁺ cations and anionic zig zag chains of alternating tetrahedral MI₄^– (M = In, Ga) and square planar AuI₄^– units running along [010]. Within the chains, the MI₄^– ions form weak interactions with two of their I atoms to the AuI₄^– ions resulting in strongly elongated AuI₆ octahedra.